Gd making sure a person suffers the equivalent of a death penalty he would have suffered at the hands of a court, were the court able to administer it: Sotah 8b
Having one's soul slingshot through Limbo by Angels: Shabbat 152b
Loss or Lack of Children: Berachot 5a-b; Shabbat 105b; Sotah 11a, 13b
Death of a spouse: (Tos.#2) Rosh HaShanah 6a; Sotah 13b; Zevachim 29b