Biblical repetition of the phrase "I am Hashem, your Gd," to include that Gd provides both reward and punishment: Menachot 44a
Hashem doesn't "cheat" any person of his reward: Pesachim 118a
A person cannot know the depth of Hashem's judgment: Pesachim 54b
Moshe wanting to understand Hashem's system for the world: Berachot 7a
Even if a person's act fits precisely in with Gd's plan, Gd punishes or rewards the person, because that person's act was done on his own initiative: Sotah 9b; Gittin 56a
Gd judges on Mondays and Thursdays, as the Human court does: Shabbat 129b
Post-Mortem Judgment of people who are neither fully righteous nor fully wicked: Shabbat 152b
How Gd Reward and Punishes
Whether a person is punished/rewarded in exact accordance with his deeds: Rosh haShanah 12a; Succah 53a; Megillah 12b; Nedarim 32a; Sotah 8b-9b, 9b, 11a
Gd rewards and punishes in line with one's deeds: Gittin 56b-57a
Gd is more precise in dealing with a person who is more righteous: Taanit 8a
Gd's attribute of Reward vs. His attribute of Punishment: Yoma 76a; Sotah 11a
A person's Mitzvot and Transgressions follow him into the next world; his sins are bound to him like a dog to a person: Sotah 3b
Gd does not give bounty to people who are going to die anyway: Taanit 8b
Gd's purpose in making the righteous suffer, and in aiding the wicked: Kiddushin 40b
Gd allows wicked people to triumph over those who are more righteous than they are righteous, but not over those who are completely righteous: Bava Metzia 71a
How Gd deals with a person who has slightly more Mitzvot/Transgressions than Transgressions/Mitzvot: Kiddushin 39b
One who is a neighbor of the wicked will be hurt with them, and one who is a neighbor of the righteous will be rewarded with them: Eruvin 18b-19a; Succah 56b [2x]
The ability of wicked people to harm the righteous: Berachot 7b
Reward travels faster than Punishment: Shabbat 97a
The contrast between the righteous and wicked after death: Shabbat 153a; Gittin 56b-57a
If one is merciful to others then Hashem will be merciful to him; the converse is also true: Shabbat 151b
The beginning of a person's reward or punishment is based on his learning of Torah: Kiddushin 40b
Reward for those who join others who are performing a Mitzvah, and punishment for those who join people who are performing a sin: Makkot 5b
The Torah contains all of Gd's prescribed rewards and punishments, for this world and the next: Eruvin 21a
The role of the righteous in causing punishment for the wicked: Eruvin 101a
One who sneezes during prayer should know that Gd is pleased with him; just as he is gaining physical peace, so Gd will provide him peace in heaven: Berachot 24b
One is not allowed to say to a suffering person that it must be for his sins: Bava Metzia 58b