Miscellaneous Halachic Principles
Determining Reality
Following the majority in determining the status of a mixture of items [rov רוב]
Doubt, Certainty and Chazakah in determining reality ספק ודאי וחזקה
"Human Nature" Presumptions in Halachah
Discerning an item's halachic status, ex post facto [Bereirah ברירה]
If an item leaves a mixture, it is assumed to have been from the majority [Kol DeParish כל דפריש]
An item within a mixture has a 50% chance of being from either element of the mixture [Kol Kavua כל קבוע כמחצה על מחצה דמי]
Determing Law
Handling cases involving safek, in biblical and rabbinic laws
Handling cases involving multiple layers of safek [sfek sfeika ספק ספיקא]
The question of whether an act which is forbidden can still have legally recognized and valid results [Ee Avid (Lo) Mehani אי עביד (לא) מהני]
Power of the Local Government's Laws [Dina d'Malchuta דינא דמלכותא]
The Role of integral elements of mitzvah performance [Matirin מתירין]
If certain mitzvot could have been practiced properly, it is as though they were [Kol HaRa'uy LeBeelah כל הראוי לבילה]
Adding to Mitzvot / Subtracting from Mitzvot [Bal tosif and Bal tigra בל תוסיף ובל תגרע]
Declaring a condition, in a vow or a contract, which contradicts Torah Law [Matneh al mah sheKatuv baTorah מתנה על מה שכתוב בתורה]
Disposing of items/funds from mitzvot
The majority's habits are the norm [batlah daato eitzel kol adam בטלה דעתו אצל כל אדם]
Since X might occur, Y action (which would be appropriate to address X) is permitted [Ho'il הואיל]
The status of items located in mid-air
Other Principles
Is an item said to have value if it lacks inherent value, but one would be obligated to pay money to replace it if it were destroyed [דבר הגורם לממון]: Pesachim 29a-b; Ketuvot 34a
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